This is an examination of your cervix, vagina and/or vulva with a special instrument that serves as binoculars in order to magnify abnormal tissue. You are probably having this examination due to an abnormal Pap smear, although there are other reasons to undergo a colposcopy pending your doctor’s recommendations. If your Pap test showed abnormal cells the colposcopy will help determine if those cells are consistent with genital warts or pre-cancerous or cancerous lesions. You are having a colposcopy to determine if you are having any abnormal cell changes that need more attention.

A colposcopy is a very common procedure. Remember, this is to help diagnose early cervical, vaginal and/or vulva cancer by looking for changes in cells that would lead to cancer.

What happens during a colposcopy?

The doctor will use a colposcope to look into your vagina. You will lie on the examining table just as for a regular pelvic exam. The doctor will use an instrument to spread the vaginal walls apart, and then place the colposcope at the vaginal opening. When your doctor looks into the vagina, he or she will see your cervix. If the doctor finds some problem tissue, he or she may use an instrument to pinch or cut off a small tissue sample. You may feel a pinch or slight cramp. Then the doctor will remove the instruments. The tissue will be sent to the lab.

Your doctor may or may not take small tissue biopsies that may be uncomfortable. The discomfort usually lasts for a few minutes. The tissue samples usually go to Pathology and your doctor will have you follow up for your results.

You will have mild vaginal bleeding and/or a discharge that may last up to 2 weeks after your procedure. Sometimes, the bleeding may become as heavy as a period. If your bleeding is heavier than a period and/or you are changing your pad more than every 1-2 hours, then you need to contact your provider.

What happens after a colposcopy procedure?

You may feel a little lightheaded right after the procedure. You may have to lie down for a few minutes after the test is over. The doctor will tell you what he or she saw. The test results should be ready in a few days or weeks, depending on the lab. Ask the doctor what other steps you should take and when you should come back for a checkup.

For at least 1 week after a biopsy you should avoid, sex, tampons, douches and baths as your biopsy sites are still healing. For pain, you may take OTC Tylenol or Motrin. You may carry out normal activities.

You will need to make an appointment 2 to 3 weeks to discuss your follow up care which may lead to repeat Pap smears more often than yearly, laser or destruction of lesions and/or a LEEP or excision procedure, which will remove a portion of the diseased cervix.

Anticipate discomfort, cramping, abnormal vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding, foul smelling discharge that may last up to a couple of weeks. If you develop a fever (>100.5F), chills, severe pain, heavy vaginal bleeding, persistent foul smelling discharge or any other concerns, do not hesitate to call for a follow up sooner.

What are the risks associated with a colposcopy?

Risks are minimal. Complications rarely occur. Minor bleeding from the biopsy site may occur. Other risks include:

  • Heavy bleeding (more than one pad per hour or more bleeding than your menstrual flow)
  • Infection
  • There are always risks of the procedure including but not limited to infection, bleeding, injury to the bowel and bladder, perforation (hole in the uterus), anesthetic risks and/or possible death in rare cases.

Friendly Reminders!

  • This is a common procedure
  • Many women undergo the same thing
  • Most of the time, the results to not show cancer
  • Do not panic. The more relaxed you are for the procedure, the faster the process
  • Please call if you have any questions before or after the colposcopy
  • We take our evaluation seriously and are always honored that you have chosen us for your care. The doctors in this practice follow the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology guidelines (ACOG) and deem this procedure medically necessary.